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There are many commercial products made to deter biting. It may seem more convenient to purchase these products, but it's actually very easy and cost effective to make an organic solution in the comfort of your own home.
These solutions can be used on your hands to discourage mouthy puppies, or anywhere in the home (just make sure to do a stain test first!).
You'll also need to purchase a spray bottle. The following recipes yield 3 cups. I suggest these glass bottles because they can easily withstand the acidity of the mixture, and they're environmentally friendly.
BITTER LEMON-APPLE SPRAY
Ingredients:
-White vinegar, 1 cup
-Apple cider vinegar, 1 cup
-Lemon juice, 1 cup
-Fresh lemon peels (optional)
(1:1:1 mixture)
BITTER LEMON SPRAY
Ingredients:
-White vinegar, 1 cup
-Lemon juice, 2 cups
-Fresh lemon peels (optional)
(1:2 mixture)
BITTER APPLE SPRAY
Ingredients:
-White vinegar, 1 cup
-Apple cider vinegar, 2 cups
(1:2 mixture)
Note: Please seek veterinary advice if your dog is gnawing on itself. Do not spray these solutions directly onto dogs; they are concentrated and can cause pain and irritation to open wounds.

Image Credits: Earl/FLICKR/CREATIVE COMMONS